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SLAVE NARRATIVES
A Folk History of Slavery in the United States
From Interviews with Former Slaves
TYPEWRITTEN RECORDS
PREPARED BY
THE FEDERAL WRITERS' PROJECT 1936-1938
ASSEMBLED BY
THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PROJECT
WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
SPONSORED BY THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
WASHINGTON 1941
VOLUME II
ARKANSAS NARRATIVES
PARTS 6 AND 7
Prepared by the Federal Writers' Project
of the Works
Progress Administration
for the State of Arkansas
257 pages,
Softcover/Comb Bound, 8.5"x11"
no photographs
This is Parts
6 and 7 of Volume 2 (Arkansas) of the WPA Slave Narratives
Project. There are seven parts of Volume 2. These parts will be available
in four booklets - Parts 1 and 2, Parts 3 and 4, Part 5, and Parts 6 and 7. This
listing is for one booklet (Parts 6 and 7) only. Narratives
included cover ex-slaves whose last names begin with the letter Q through
the letter Y.
This booklet is 257
pages (129 sheets of 60# paper printed on two sides) with a comb-bound
laminated card stock cover. A portion of the sales of this booklet will be
donated to the organization which provided the transcription.
B.A. Botkin, Chief Editor
of the Writer's Unit, in his 1941 Introduction to the Slave Narratives
collection, wrote:
"Set beside the work of formal historians, social
scientists, and novelists, slave autobiographies, and contemporary records
of abolitionists and planters, these life histories, taken down as far as
possible in the narrators' words, constitute an invaluable body of
unconscious evidence or indirect source material, which scholars and writers
dealing with the South, especially social psychologists and cultural
anthropologists, cannot afford to reckon without. For the first and the last
time, a large number of surviving slaves (many of whom have since died) have
been permitted to tell their own story, in their own way. In spite of
obvious limitations—bias and fallibility of both informants and
interviewers, the use of leading questions, unskilled techniques, and
insufficient controls and checks—this saga must remain the most authentic
and colorful source of our knowledge of the lives and thoughts of thousands
of slaves, of their attitudes toward one another, toward their masters,
mistresses, and overseers, toward poor whites, North and South, the Civil
War, Emancipation, Reconstruction, religion, education, and virtually every
phase of Negro life in the South.
"The narratives belong to folk history—history recovered
from the memories and lips of participants or eye-witnesses, who mingle
group with individual experience and both with observation, hearsay, and
tradition. Whether the narrators relate what they actually saw and thought
and felt, what they imagine, or what they have thought and felt about
slavery since, now we know why they thought and felt as they did. To
the white myth of slavery must be added the slaves' own folklore and
folk-say of slavery. The patterns they reveal are folk and regional
patterns—the patterns of field hand, house and body servant, and artisan;
the patterns of kind and cruel master or mistress; the patterns of Southeast
and Southwest, lowland and upland, tidewater and inland, smaller and larger
plantations, and racial mixture (including Creole and Indian).
"The narratives belong also to folk literature. Rich not
only in folk songs, folk tales, and folk speech but also in folk humor and
poetry, crude or skilful in dialect, uneven in tone and treatment, they
constantly reward one with earthy imagery, salty phrase, and sensitive
detail. In their unconscious art, exhibited in many a fine and powerful
short story, they are a contribution to the realistic writing of the Negro.
Beneath all the surface contradictions and exaggerations, the fantasy and
flattery, they possess an essential truth and humanity which surpasses as it
supplements history and literature."
Those interviewed in Parts 6 & 7 of the Arkansas Slave
Narratives (and their city or county, if known) were:
Doc Quinn (Texarkana), Henrietta Ralls (Pine Bluff), Diana Rankins
(Brinkley), Senia Rassberry (Pine Bluff), Clay Reaves (Palestine), Jane
Reece (Pine Bluff), Frank Reed (Pine Bluff), James Reeves (Little Rock),
Shepherd Rhone (Pine Bluff), Dora Richard (Pine Bluff), Jim Ricks (Pine
Bluff), Charlie Rigger (Palestine), Ida Rigley (Forrest City), Milton
Ritchie (Brinkley), Alice Rivers (Pine Bluff), Rev. J. Roberts (Brinkley),
George Robertson (Robinson?) (Brinkley), Augustus Robinson (Little Rock),
Malindy Robinson (West Memphis), Tom Robinson (Hot Springs, Isom Rogers
(Edmondson), Oscar James Rogers (Wheatley), Will Ann Rogers (Brinkley),
William Henry Rooks (Brinkley), Amanda Ross (Little Rock), Cat Ross (Brassfield),
Mattie Ross, Laura Rowland (Brinkley), Landy Rucker (Pine Bluff), Martha
Ruffin (Little Rock), Thomas Ruffin (Little Rock), Casper Rumple (De Valls
Bluff), Henry Russell (Russellville), Katie Rye (Clarksville)
Bob Samuels (Washington), Emma Sanderson (Hot Springs), Mary Scott (De Valls
Bluff/Biscoe), Mollie Hardy Scott (De Valls Bluff), Sam Scott
(Russellville), Cora Scroggins (Clarendon), Sarah Sexton (Pine Bluff),
Roberta Shaver (West Memphis), Mary Shaw (Pie Bluff), Violet Shaw (West
Memphis), Frederick Shelton (Texarkana), Laura Shelton (Little Rock),
Mahalia Shores (Marianna), Rosa Simmons (Pine Bluff), Fannie Sims, Jerry
Sims (Brinkley), Victoria Sims (Helena), Virginia Sims (Pine Bluff), Senya
Singfield (Pine Bluff), Peggy Sloan (Little Rock), Arzella Smallwood
(Hazen), Sarah Smiley (Humphrey), Andrew Smith (Forrest City), Caroline
Smith (El Dorado), Caroline Smith (Russellville), Edmond Smith (El Dorado),
Emma Hulett Smith (Hazen), Ervin E. Smith (Little Rock), Frances Smith (Pine
Bluff), Henrietta Evelina Smith (Little Rock), Henry Smith (Pine Bluff), J.L.
Smith (Little Rock), John H. Smith (Pine Bluff), Charlie and Maggie Snow
(Brinkley), Robert Solomon (Des Arc), James Spikes (Pine Bluff), Kittie
Stanford (Pine Bluff), Tom Stanhouse (Brinkley), Isom Starnes (Marianna),
Hezekiah (Ky) Steel (Pine Bluff), Maggie Stenhouse (Brinkley), Charlotte E.
Stephens (Little Rock), William J. Stevens (Brinkley), Minnie Johnson
Stewart (Little Rock), Liza Stiggers (Forrest City), James Henry Stith
(Little Rock), Caroline Stout (Union County), Felix Street (Little Rock)
Mary Tabon (Forrest City), Liza Moore Tanner (Helena), Fannie Tatum
(Junction City), Anthony Taylor (Little Rock), Lula Taylor (Brinkley),
Millie Taylor (Pine Bluff), Sarah Taylor (Madison), Warren Taylor (Little
Rock), Sneed Teague (Brinkley), Mary Teel (Holly Grove), Wade Thermon (Des
Arc), Dicey Thomas (Little Rock), Mandy Thomas (Pine Bluff), Omelia Thomas
(Little Rock), Tanner Thomas (Pine Bluff), Wester Thomas (Marianna), Annie
Thompson (Biscoe), Ellen Briggs Thompson (Little Rock), Hattie Thompson
(Widener), Mamie Thompson (Brinkley), Mike Thompson (Widener), Laura
Thornton (Little Rock), Emma (Bama?) Tidwell ((Curtis), Joe Tillman (Pine
Bluff), J.T. Tims (Little Rock), Hannah Travis (Little Rock), Mark C.
Trotter (Edmondson), James Tubbs, Mandy Tucker (Pine Bluff), Emma Turner
(Pine Bluff), Henry Turner (Phillips County), Seabe Tuttle (Washington
County),
Charlie Vaden (Hazen), Ellen Vaden (De Valls Bluff), Nettie Van Buren
(Clarendon), Adelaide J. Vaughn (Little Rock),
Emmeline Wadille (Lonoke) Henry Waldon (North Little Rock), Clara Walker
(Garland County), Henry Walker (Hazen), Jake Walker (Pine Bluff), Jake
Walker (Wheatley), Willie Wallace (Pine Bluff), Evans Warrior (Pine Bluff),
Anna Washington (Clarendon), Eliza Washington (Little Rock), Jennie
Washington (De Valls Bluff), Parrish Washington (Pine Bluff), Caroline
Watson (Pine Bluff), Mary Watson (Little Rock), Bart Wayne (Helena), Annie
Mae Weathers (El Dorado), Cora Weathers (Little Rock), Ishe Webb (Little
Rock), Alfred Wells, Douglas Wells (Pine Bluff), John Wells (Edmondson),
Sarah Wells (Little Rock), Sarah Williams Wells (Biscoe), John Wesley
(Helena), Robert Wesley (Holly Grove), Maggie Wesmoland (Brinkley), Calvin
West (Widener), Mary Mays West (Widener), Sylvester Wethington (Holly
Grove), Joe Whitaker (Madison), Julia A. White (Little Rock), Lucy White
(Marianna), David Whiteman (Pine Bluff), Dolly Whiteside (Pine Bluff), J.W.
Whitfield (Little Rock), Sarah Whitmore (Clarendon), Dock Wilborn (Marvell),
Bell Wilks (Holly Grove), Bell Williams (Forrest City), Charley Williams,
Charlie Williams (Brassfield), Columbus Williams (Stevens), Frank Williams
(Little Rock), Gus Williams (Russellville), Henrietta Williams (El Dorado),
Henry Andrew (Tip) Williams (Biscoe), James Williams (Brinkley), John
Williams (Little Rock), Lillie Williams (Madison), Mary Williams
(Clarendon), Mary Williams (Hazen), Mary Williams (Pine Bluff), Rosena Hunt
Williams (Brinkley), William Ball (Soldier) Williams, III (Forrest City),
Anna Williamson (Holly Grove), Callie Halsey Williamson (Biscoe), Charlotte
Willis (Madison), Ella Wilson (Little Rock), Robert Wilson (Pine Bluff), Tom
Windham (Pine Bluff), Alice Wise (Pine Bluff), Frank Wise (Little Rock),
Lucy Withers (Brinkley), Anna Woods (Hot Springs), Cal Woods (Biscoe),
Maggie Woods (Brassfield), Sam Word (Pine Bluff), Ike Worthy (Pine Bluff),
Alice Wright (Little Rock), Hannah Brooks Wright (Pine Bluff),
Tom Yates (Marianna), Annie Young (Pine Bluff), John Young (Pine Bluff)
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