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LIFE HISTORY of JACK
DILLIN
(Florida)
A flight of steep stairs led to the
large room which formed the upper story of the old laundry building where
Jack Dillin and his children made their home.
Jack's daughter Elsie opened the door at my knock and in a sweet voice and
pleasant manner invited me to come in and be seated. She was neatly
dressed and her curly brown hair was attractively brushed back from her
forehead. " Papa", she said, "has just got in from grove work up at
Highlands and is in the bath room a-washin up some, but you be seated and
wait for him."
Jack then came in and though his blue denim overalls and jacket were
soiled and work-stained, his face and hands were clean, and his curly
black hair was neatly combed though it had evaded an evident attempt to
plaster it down with a wet brush. He extended his hand with the greeting:
"Howdy ma'am, I'm proud to see you and ifen you don't mind a-talkin to me
so dirty as I am why I'll be mighty glad to tell you what I can about the
Citrus work. My own hist'ry too! Well now many a person what knows the
kinder life I've had has told me I oughter send to one o' them magazines
an' git a blank to fill out about my life and mebbe I'de make a lot o'
money," said Jack seriously.
Elsie then excused herself, put on her coat added a little rouge and
powder to her face and said she was going down town to get something for
supper. As she went lightly down the narrow stairs Jack said: "That sure
air a fine gal o' mine, and she air mighty purty now aint she." Then with
a twinkle in his snapping dark brown eyes belied his serious countenance
he said: "Lotsa folks says she looks jus' like me." That was something
that would require imagination for Elsie was really very pretty with a
healthy flush, really needing no rouge, upon her tanned cheeks, while
Jack's face pallid and wrinkled and etched with pain and worry could
hardly be called good looking though it did express character and
determination.
Then Jack proved quite valuable and launched readily in to the story of
his life and his work in the Citrus.
"I been a-workin in the Citrus for more'n eighteen year now. No, I aint
jus' 'zackly a Floridy cracker but I sure am a Southerner an' mighty proud
o' hit too. Both me an' my wife wus borned (born) up in Alabamy, in
Pendleton County, right near Lusia. We lived on joinin farms an' I know
that woman from the time she were a baby a-nussin -- an' then fur her to
turn in an' do me like she did. But, that's another part of my story, an'
I'll tell you bout that later. No, wait a minit, mebbe I better tell you
that fust off whilst Elsie is away. Elsie be right queer that-a-way, she
knew how her ma done us all, an' she don't crave to go an' live with her
but she shore won't let nobody say nothin' agin her ma, neither. An' ifen
you want my story that's part o' hit so you jus' lissen to this," said
Jack.
He rocked excitedly for a few seconds and then after politely asking if I
objected to tobacco he lighted a cigarette and inhaled deeply, them, "
Hit's jus' like I said, both me an' her wus borned near Lusia an' aknowin
each other all our lives we up an' married right early. I'm most fifty
now, an' hit must o' bin twenty-eight years agone. Ida, I guess was nigh
on to twenty. She came from mighty fine people too an' she were good
lookin and always pleasant in her ways with folks. She were a Kell an'
tother side o' her fambly wus Rileys, they wus all high up in politics
too. I never knowed so much about my folks excusin my father's people, I
heerd him tell that his grand-daddy come over here from England but that's
all I know.
"See after we married her daddy up an' died, but he left her forty acres
o' fine farmin land. Her ma, an' her brother both got forty acres each
too, that's all the fambly she had, I never had but one brother and one
sister neither. We wus a-farmin on some rented land then so one day Ida
said to me: `Why don't we fix up my place so we can live there and stop
payin this here rent.' Well I had a little money I had saved, the fust an'
the last I ever did save too, an' I thought that a good idee so I fixed
the place all up nice like. I put a strong three strand wire fence all
round them forty acres, I built a nice little house with a wood floor, no
more dirt floors for us, an' a fire place an' glass winders too. By the
time I got hit all fixed up I spent nigh on to nine hundred dollars on
hit. I give the County twenty-five dollars to help in fixin' up the road,
an' they done hit too, they put a good hard road right by our place, cause
when I gived them twenty-five dollars a lot o' tother folks did the same.
"Well, we farmed for a spell an' made right good money too but we didn't
save none o' hit for we wus both young an' liked a good time along with a
little likker now an' then. Then we got to hearin what good an' easy money
they wus a-makin down in Floridy in the muck roun the Lake, then we had a
chanct to rent our place so we up an' came down here. That was nigh on to
twenty year ago.
While Jack paused for breath and to light another cigarette I noticed that
the room was very neat and clean, the floor scrubbed till it literally
gleamed as did the window panes. No shades were at the windows but half
curtains of unbleached muslin embroidered in gay figures were placed at
the four larger windows, the smaller ones were curtained with white scrim.
Dishes were neatly piled in the old fashioned "kitchen safe". On some
shelves there were a few canned goods, and others held food in small
dishes. The safe was screened to keep the flies out, which was very wise
as the front doors of both floors were open and screenless. Two double
beds, each neatly made were in opposite ends of the room and partly
screened by muslin curtains, along side one bed stood a cot also neatly
made and with a gay quilt folded across the foot.
Jack soon resumed his story however and demanded my attention: "The fust
thing we did was to go right down to the Lake near Sugary an' start a bean
farmin. I coulda got help and worked on the shares but no suh, I wanted to
be in for myself alone. I still had a little money so I put in a big bean
crop for everybody said that was what to plant. Well just as the beans was
most a-ready to gather there come a cold spell an' a high wind and plumb
ruint'em all, an me too fur that matter. Reckon I losted nigh on to a
thousand dollars, along with my house and what little fixins we had for
they all got blowed away or broke up by the wind. I jus' didn't know what
on the green earth to do when here come a feller an said: 'I been a-watchin
you work an' I like the way you go about hit, so you come on up to Sebring
with me an' I'll give you work in my orange grove an' see that you gits
sumpun to eat till you gits on yore feet agin.' That man was Mr. O.
Sebring hisself, an' so I took my wife, our two chillens, two quilts, a
blanket, an' a dollar an' fifty cents, all we had, an' went up here to
Sebring an went to work for Mr. Sebring.
"I went right to work fer him and did anything he told me an' he paid me
fair wages too an' was a good man to work fer. I guess ifen I coulda left
likker alone I might be a-working fer him right now though he aint got the
big groves he had then. After awhile we did get a start but I aint never
had nothin for I never could git shet of the cravin fer likker an' that
shore is a expense. I been a-tryin lately to give hit up an' I aint teched
a drop o' no kind o' likker since way 'fore Christmus. Come Christmus Day
I wus plain cold sober for the fust Christmus Day in thutty year, ma'am.
Why, I even went to Church on that Day this last time.
Jack sighed deeply and a contemplative look came into his expressive eyes:
" As I was a-tellin you, we stayed right on here in Sebring an we rented a
right nice house an' got some furniture for hit. We had our girl and our
youngest boy here too, an' Ida she were shore plumb tickeled with the way
we wus a-livin. She worked hard too an' kep' a nice house and washed and
ironed all our clothes regular and cooked good meals. She shore were a
fine cook, and when she worked outside like she done sometimes she cooked
us a good dinner every day `fore she went to work.
I asked Jack about Ida's work and he stated that she worked in the packing
house. "Sometimes she made as much as fifteen dollars a week, but more
oftener hit wer ten or twelve, an' the work hit warn't steedylike neither,
Them Companies tries to dee -vide the work out 'mongst the workers so they
all stick. I done some packin' house work too but I don't like hit like
the grove work. At the packin' house I worked eight hours a day and got me
twenty five cents a hour an' fur common labor like loadin' the boxes,
cleanin' up, an' sech. The packin' hit's piece work an' fur grapefruit
they paid three cents a box, oranges seven, an' tangarines ten cents. That
aint much fur skilled labor like that packin' job takes but when you do
know how you can make a right smart o' money with hit.
"Me an' Ida got on alright, an' we didn't never quarl (quarrel) or cuss,
she never cussed me an' I never cussed her even when I was deep in the
likker. She seemed to love us all an' she'd set up late o' nights, when
she was in the packin' house, a-mendin an' a-makin clothes fur us. Then
'bout two year a-gone she up an' run off with a feller an' she left us all
an' stayed right with him in tother town near here.
Then she writ me to git a dee -vorce an' I told her to go on an git hit I
wouldn't do nothin' to stop her. Now she is a-married to that man an' a-livin
up near Lusia on our place. She never tried to get the chillens or nothin'
o' hern (hers) what she left here. Reckon she knowed I wouldn't let her
have them chillen. I'd a-fit to the last ditch fer 'em, as you might say.
"After she left us one o' my boys, next to the oldest Jess what's now most
twenty, get in trouble but hit were all a frame up agin him an' me, but
anyway they sent him to jail. I mighta got him pardoned to me fer I been
right friendly with the judge an' he knows how hard I was a-tryin to get
on, but hit all got me so riled up an' I paid hit so much mind that I got
rarin drunk an' tried to drive my car an' got 'rested fur hit. I get put
in jail to an' lotsa folks helt (held) that agin me an' so the Judge he
jus' couldn't give the boy over to me. Most folks said he was a-heap
better off in the jail house than he were with me. Then whilst that there
ruckus were a-goin on a neighbor what was jealous up an' went to Judge an'
said Elsie were a-runnin on the streets day an' night, an' asked Judge to
give Elsie to her. The had a reglar trial too an lotsa promnentest folks
here up an' swore to things whut wus not true 'bout me, an' so Judge he
said, 'Jack, I don't like to do this but I'm a-goin to give Elsie to this
here lady fur a year an' see how you all gets on fer the evidence hits
mighty strong that you aint a-takin the proper care o' her. Well, ma'am,
shore 'nough, he did give Elsie to that woman, I just kaint call her no
lady though fer she nigh 'bout ruint little Elsie. She had a little money
an' she let Elsie spend a lot an' do what ever she pleased an' she made
her vain-like an' taught her to paint her face an' her fingernails an' I
shore don't like none o' that fer folks in our fixes, hit don't look
right. She put a lot o' fool notions in Elsie's head, yet do you know that
when the year were up Elsie she 'lected to come back to me an' believe me
I shore were proud. I up an' told that woman an' the Judge too if anybody
ever mess with me agin an' muss up my fambly like they done I shore a-goin
to git my shotgun an just pure grave-yard kill 'em too, an' I shore mean
hit." Jack sighed deeply and seemed quite saddened by his narrative.
He had well judged the time that Elsie would take for shopping too for her
step was then heard on the stairs and in she came with several packages
which she laid upon the table. Then she came and sat near me and as Jack
had ceased taking while he smoked she said shyly: "Would you like to see
the quilts that my ma and me pieced? " Upon my assurance that I would
indeed be very glad to see them as I was interested in handmade quilts,
she went to a trunk and brough out six neatly folded gay colored quilts.
"We made up all these designs too, don't you think they are pretty.
Sometimes I think I will name them each with a fancy pretty name but I
never have done it yet." She ran small smooth hands with tinted
fingernails lovingly over the quilts as she talked. "Folks say we oughter
put these quilts in the State an' County fairs but we aint done it. I
would be scared they might get lost or stolen an' I want to keep them with
me all the time." After I had sincerely admired each quilt in turn I
helped her fold them and then she placed them back in the trunk and
replaced the gay quilt which covered it.
"Pa", she said then, " I want to run
down to the corner to see Mrs. Anders, she said she had a little present
for me, but I won't stay long." Jack said she could go and so she excused
her self politely and again went out.
Jack seemed to be listening to her footsteps down the stairway and out on
the sidewalk and then he resumed his talk: "That there woman what kept her
fur a year did give her some nice clothes and taught her more good
manners, an' I reckon she would a-soon lernt to paint up anyway. My boy
Jimmy now he aint never give me a nite o' trouble. Ever since he been a
little feller large enough to ride a bicycle he been a W.U. Messenger,
excusin the time he were in the CC Camp, an' in school. He's now
twenty-one years old an' he graduates from High School come June. He
woulda get through a-heap sooner but he got disgusted when he came outer
the CC Camp an' decided not to go no more. Then the W.U. Manager told him
to get a High School education an' he could get to be a operator, but if
he didn't graduate he couldn't never be one.
"I didn't want em to send him to CC Camp an' ifen they'd a sent Jess might
not be in all heap o' trouble now. But nothin' would do the Releif but
they must send Jimmy, I think hit were the FERA that sent him but I aint
sure, hit mighta been the WPA. Jimmy works now on the NYA. some Youth work
he calls hit an' he makes fifteen dollars a month but with all his
expenses in school he don't save any. Sometimes he helps me some though.
Now he hoped (helped) me buy my new tag fer the car. I got to have hit in
my work an' so we get the tag while we had the money.
"Poppa, Jimmy's got his class ring an' you oughter see it," screeched a
shrill young voice on the stairway, and in burst a frail looking boy with
books slung over his shoulder.
"Son, speak to the lady an' take yore cap offen in the house, how many
times I got to tell you that. That's my youngest son, Billy, ma'am. He
ain't but fifteen years old but he's in the tenth grade in the High School
an' there aint no tother child what makes any better marks an' he does.
Well now son, you say Jimmy got his class ring today. I knew he shore is
proud o' it, he had to send off eleven dollars fur hit ma'am an' seemed
just like hit never woulda come. All the boys an' girls of the class get
them these rings, that's to show they graduated from High School, I
reckon."
"Poppa, this ring is pure gold, Jimmy said so, and it's got raised letters
on it. When I get ready to graduate can I have a pure gold ring with
raised letters, Poppa?" Billy was almost whining by this time but upon
hearing a whistle from below he flung his books aside, grabbed his cap
from the chair where he had thrown it and ran back down without more
words.
"I declare ma'am, I hope you will be scusin that child, seems like he's
the hardest to larn anything. He just don't pay no mind to what you say,
but he shore do study his lessons. Now Elsie she is two years older' an'
what Billy is but she only in the ninth grade o' school.
"I never had much larnin, 'bout the third grade I reckon. My folks never
though much o' goin' to school an' I wus needed for the farm work a lot,
then too I was awful puny an' always had a misery in my stomik, so I
didn't get much schoolin'. I want my chillens to learn though for I
realize now what a education means. This here schoolin' now-a-days is a
heap better than hit uster be, why the chillens what gets all through the
High School now knows a lot more than just readin' and writin', seems like
they all are more able to take care o' theirselves too.
"I shore am proud o' my fambly. They ain't never give me no trouble
excusin Jess, pore little fellow an' hit weren't his fault. He got 'cused
o' stealin' some money but hit shore were tother boy what Jess was a-tryin
to protect. Right now I'm powerful glad there aint no more chillens fur to
be left with chillen even as old as mine is a awful serious thing, ma'am.
But, hit could be a heap worser ifen they was little. Us pore folks aint
got no business with lots o' chillens no ways. I got two good friends
what's got a even dozen apiece an' how they ever a-goin to rais 'em all
pesters me. Seems like hits's the real pore folks what has the most
chillen though an' them what's able to care fer 'em don't have none. Ifen
I could just git me a job as a caretaker fer a grove an' have a little
home out in the grove an' a nice garden I'de shore be happy an' hit would
be fine fer the chillen.
"I wouldn't want to live in a city, hit's too noisy there an' the chillen
would learn lots o' mischief. Then I like the life here in a small town
where every body knows all the folks even if they do try to run my affairs
fer me. I like to walk down town an' talk to my friends an' make new ones
too. I aint a mite bashful 'bout a-speakin to folks an' if I see some body
that looks pleasant I go up an' shake hands an' soon we gits a-talkin. I
hears a lot about the world that-a-way that I wouldn't never know
totherwise fer I ain't much hand to read none.
"Yes ma'am, I'm a-gittin to the Citrus work but I shore did tell you a lot
'fore that didn't I. Reckon hit might be right interestin' too, aint hit.
Yes, I been a-working in the Citrus fer many a year now an' I reckon I
knows about all they is to know an' I am a expert in all the lines of
grove work. I done lotsa hoein', sproutin', diskin, an' the like, but
somehow I like the prunin' best. Hit's about the hardest and most
dangerous work of hit all too. Onct I fell down in a tree an stuck a big
thorn way in my hip, had to have hit cut out an' I wus lame fur a long
time but I kep' right on a workin'.
"I did work a long time for the different grove care takers here an' get
along alright ifen I coulda just kep' off the likker. Now I works mostly
independent like an' by contract fer the smaller grove owners. I can look
at a grove an' estimate the time an' cost o' prunin an' I get as high as
fifteen cents a tree. Sometimes I charge only five cents but that's fur
them little trees what aint a growin' like they should. If the dead wood
aint cut out regular the trees don't grow well an' after awhile they have
all dead wood in them an' then there ain't no more Citrus trees. When I
worked for the Companies sometimes hit were by the day an' then I got
twenty-five cents a hour fer nine hours 'cause my work was skilled. When I
work independent I keep at hit as long as necessary. The Comapanies was
right good to their help an' ifen we worked over time they paid us not
extra just the regular wage, lessin we worked at night, then we get
usually five cents a hour more.
"We all tried to form a Union onct, an' we did get hit started an called
hit the United Citrus Workers, but we couldn't agree on lotsa things an'
hit didn't last long. I think maybe the Companies broke hit up in some way
for 'course they was all agin hit for then they would a-hafta paid better
prices. I feel sorry for the grove owners an' the workers, none o' 'em is
a-makin any money, hit's them Caretaker Companies what gits hit all. They
charge such a powerful lot fur their services an' pay the workers so pore.
But, they do seem to try to keep their men, an' give each one some work
most all the time.
"When I worked fur a company I got up every mornin' an went to their
office or where they told me to meet, but they didn't always take me 'less
I was a-doin' prunin', that's so keerful work they cant change the men
every day or so. I had a hour for dinner an' fer a long time got paid from
the time I left home but they done quit all that now an' a man is just
paid from the time he starts to work in the grove till the time he stops.
They don't even count the time they is a-carryin us to and back from the
job.
"Lessin I'm powerful hard up I like the independent work a-heap better,
hit gives me more time an' I can kinder select my work. Onct I was out a-huntin
work an' I come to a old lady's house in a grove what sure did need a
prunin. I talked to her an wanted to contract the work but she wouldn't
let me an' said: 'I will pay you by the day an' expect you to get the
grove pruned up in a day too man.' Well, I needed the work so I told her
alright an' she said she would give me two dollars an' my dinner. I said I
had my dinner but that didn't make no difference to her. Now what you
think ma'am, when I started to work that old lady she brought her chair
out an' she sit right by every tree where I was a-workin an' told me just
what branches to cut off. Come noon I was most dead, not bein uster to no
such supervision as that.
"Well then she said I could knock off a hour for dinner an' while she was
a-gittin hit ready I could mow the lawn. There warnt nothin' else to do
but git at hit. Then she brought me out some ice cream an' about a inch o'
cake fur my dinner but I was too tired to eat even that.
Soon she called an said: 'Now my man just come an' cut the grass in the
back yard your noon hour ain't up yet, but I told her I were too near dead
to do that an' I flopped under a tree and rested a few minutes.
"You can believe me or not, but hit's shore the truth that when I got that
grove done she sent me down the street to her sister's. She almost worked
me to death too an' till hit were too dark to see. Then she said the
sister said, 'Now ifen you know a man what can work real fast an' move all
this trash an' hoe all them trees tomorrow you send him to me, I don't
think you can work as fast as I want a man to do. I sure told her that I
didn't want the job, an' shore didn't know no man what could suit her."
Jack again paused to catch his breath and to chuckle over thoughts of how
the old lady worked him. "I been a picker too" he said, "an' uster make
right good money at it. For grapefruit I got five cents a box, but they
aint a-payin but three cents these days. Then for oranges I got ten cents,
an' tangerines brung twenty cents, but that's been several years agone.
Now I think the tangerines bring about twelve cents. They is about a
hundred an' twenty grapefruit to the box, twenty-five tangerines, an'
fifty oranges, that's fur the field boxes which we pick in.
"I guess I make 'bout as much as most any other grove worker, excusin
those that works regular fer the Companies, an' that aint many. I manage
to feed an' clothe my chillen. We don't have no fancy food but we do have
plenty o' sweet potatoes, corn bread, fried flour bread an' hog meat with
greens. When ever I can I git milk fer the chillen an' we bake as much
things as we can 'stead o' fryin them, I learnt that when I had so much
stumik trouble an' misery. I wisht I could keep a good balanced diet for
us all but I can't do hit these days. Everything costs so much an' prices
seems a little worser all the time. Elsie, she's a right good little cook
an' she tried to fix the things I oughter have when ever she can.
"I had stomik misery powerful bad about three or four years agone but the
Doc, he just about cured me but he had to keep a doctorin' on me for nigh
on to two years. He gived me two kinds of powders to take a hour apart an'
I uster take a alarm clock to the grove with me an' try to take that
medicin regular but I couldn't always do hit, sometimes I would be way of
in the tother part o' the grove when the clock rung an' just wouldn't feel
able to walk to the place where I left the medicine. Couldn't very well
take hit alone with me about the grove neither.
"Then I had hernia an' I been operated on four times fur hit so hit don't
bother me much more. I kept right a-workin fur a long tome with that a-botherin
me till I got the money to have a operation fur hit. Last year I had a bad
sore come on my lower lip an' two doctors said it were a cancer an' they
doctored on me some but hit didn't do no good. Then, a old quack doctor,
one o' them that traipses roun an' totes his medicine along with him come
along an' said ifen I used his medicin hit would shore cure me, so I
bought three bottles o' hit like he said. Hit were a clear liquid but it
burned sumpum turble an' when hit dried hit left a white stuff like salt
on my lip. I kep' a-usin hit just like he tole me an' sure 'nuff after
while that sore healed up. Now I got a big swelling in my neck. See that
lump just under my chin on the left I think hit's a cancer too, I heard
they always come back some tother place ifen you stop 'em one place. Hit
hurts sumpum turble too clear up to my ear sometimes. I been to three
doctors with hit an' they won't none say whut hit is, but two o' 'em says
hit must be cut out. Tother one said he coulda cure hit with medicine an'
been a-doctorin on hit but don't do hit no good. I aint got money for a
operation so reckon I will hafta wait some.
We talked of politics and the trouble in Europe but Jack did not know much
of these things for he seldom read a paper he said. Regarding State and
National politics Jack said: "I don't take so much stock in all that like
some folks do. I don't never understand hit so what's the use to pay hit
much mind an' git all worked up over hit. Why I always been a Democrat an'
I reckon I always will be. Hit shore is the Party for us pore folks.
Reckon we got the best President we ever had an' I wisht he could stay
right on in the office. He sure has tried to help the country an' hit
ain't his fault that things aint gone so well.
"I never was on the Govment work, excusin 'bout a month on the FERA. Just
as soon as I could get work I quit hit, I don't like fur nobody to help
me. I kept a-hunting jobs even when I had that dreadful misery in my
stomik so bad. Twicst now when I got outer work I ast the WPA to put me on
but by the time they get my card ready I done found other work so I don't
mess up with them no more. But hit's a mighty good thing fur them whut
kaint find no work an' there shore is a pile o' folks like that.
"All our fambly belongs to the Baptist Church, an' I got a cousin in
Trees, Floridy what's a Baptist preacher," stated Jack with much pride. "
I don't go to Church much no more for I ain't got the clothes to wear an'
hit shore makes you want to dress up to church else you feel powerful
misurble. I sees to hit that the chillen goes an' that they all has
clothes too an' look as nice as the rest o' the folks. Several times the
Church-folks has offered to help me with food but I don't ever let 'em do
hit.
"Seems like folks think to much o' how they looks fur Church these days.
Now 'course people ourghter be neat and clean but why dress up in such
finery for Church an' make them what ain't got hit feel bad an' not wanter
go no more.
"Well, ma'am, I shore have enjoyed our talk an ifen I had a knowed you was
a-comin today I woulda shore brung you in some oranges. I try to keep 'em
always on hand fur the chillen but sometimes I forgit hit an' right now we
is all out o' them. Ifen I can tell you any agin 'bout any Citrus work you
just tell me fur I'll shore be powerful proud to do hit.
Note:
Real and fictitious names used in history:
Fictitious name Real Name
Jack Dillin Bill Griffin
Elsie Clara
Jess Marcus
Jimmy Marvin
Billy Jack
Highlands Avon Park
Pendleton County Covington County
Lusia, Alabama Andalusia, Alabama
Ida Bertha
Kell Knowles
Riley Cassidy
Sugary, Florida Clewiston
Trees, Florida Live Oak
1. January 27, 1939
2. Jack Dillin, white, (fictitious name)
Bill Griffin (real name)
3. Maple Street (house not numbered)
4. Sebring, Florida
5. Citrus grove laborer
6. Barbara Berry Darsey, writer
7.
Text from: Library of
Congress, Manuscript Division, WPA Federal Writers' Project Collection
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